THE MEANING OF SUFFERING
 
(an excerpt from the book “The Meaning of Suffering” 
by Archimantrite Seraphim Aleksiev)
 
“My son, despise not the chastening of the Lord; neither be weary of his correction: for whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth: and scourgeth every son whom He receiveth.” Proverbs, Hebrews.
The question of suffering is one of the most sensitive questions. Many ask themselves: why has God created us to suffer in this world from different diseases, sorrows, calamities, troubles and misfortunes: from passions on the inside, from bad people on the outside, from the envy of neighbours, from the menace of enemies? For those who do not believe in God, this world is a hopeless valley of sorrows: life for them is a sad symphony of wailing and weeping. Some in their despair even say that there is no other hell beyond the grave, that hell is here, on earth. In this way earthly sorrows, not being lightened by the hopes of heavenly Revelation, lead to pessimism and despair. The worst thing in such cases is that suffering does not carry any meaning in itself that would soften it, making it doubtly hard to bear.
Here we will endeavor to examine the question of suffering in the light of the Divine Revelation.
So, are we created for sorrow or for joy?
First of all, one thing must be clear to us: God has created us not for sorrow, but for joy. Where do we see man for the first time? In Paradise! According to the testimony of the Holy Bible, especially of the New Testament, man is intended for Paradise, not for hell. The fact that many are perishing does not yet mean that such were God's intentions for man. No! "God is love". He does not want the death of the sinner, but on the contrary, "will have all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth". The following situation is very significant: on Judgment Day, the Saviour will say to the righteous: "Come, you blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world." And He will say to the sinners: "Depart from Me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels."    From this, it is clearly seen that, according to God's plan, Paradise was prepared for men, and hell  - for the demons.
And now about the first man. God placed Adam in Paradise. In that wonderful place of joy the first man was unspeakably happy because he was close to God.    Happiness is being with God, and away from Him there is no true or lasting joy.  In the  Kingdom  of  God  where  God  Himself  will rule,  there  will  be  no  sorrow. 
God will wipe away every tear from the eye.  Adam was happy in Paradise as long as he had an inner connection with God through grace.  But where did sorrows come from?  From sin. As soon as Adam sinned he began to suffer, even though he was still in Paradise. Sin carries its own punishment in itself. The devil destroys his friends: those who obey his will. Conscience reproaches the one who goes against the divine principles and transgresses God's commandments. Even before God drove Adam out of Paradise, Adam himself had already left it inwardly by violating God's law and by losing the grace. He began to suffer from the moment he fell.  It is not God, then, Who is to blame for Adam's suffering, but it is Adam himself. God had created  him  for  joy,  but  he  chose  sorrow  for himself. 
Some will say:  "If  Adam  has  sinned,  why  do  we  have  to suffer  because  of  him  today?"  We are his children and as such we must share the fate of our ancestor, but this answer treats only the objective side of the question. There is another side as well, which is subjective and explains the strength and consolation contained in our faith. We do not suffer only because of some necessity to pay for our ancestor's sin. Everyone forges his own fate, and under this circumstance we do not have to partake of all the disasters and sufferings of which Adam became a victim.  If we want to, we can choose another way of life, not the way of disobedience and pride, which ruined Adam, but the way of obedience and humility; and thus we can become happy even here on earth. This was some-what possible even in Old Testament times. There have been righteous people like King David, for example, who found the lost joy of human life in their longing for God. How much more possible this is in New Testament times, after the coming of Jesus Christ Who came to earth to renew and regenerate fallen human nature, to restore to us grace and the lost paradisiacal bliss!
The Word of God testifies of  the Saviour  and  His wondrous  gifts  of  grace:  "But as  many  as  received  Him,  to  them gave  He  the  power  to  become  the  sons  of God,  even  to  them  that believe  on  His  name". To become  a  child of God, is  this  not the  same  as  returning  to  the  lost  Paradise? Is  this  not something  even  greater? This is how kind God  is  towards  us, the  children  of  Adam.  He  has given  us  the  opportunity  to avoid  the  disastrous  fate  of  our  ancestor  if  we  want  to. Adam was gifted  by  God  with  a  free  will,  but  he  misused his freedom and  transgressed  God's  law.  That is why he began  to suffer. We,  too, have this  great  gift  -  freedom.  If we embrace God's law, if we subject our sinful will to the holy will of God, we will not suffer like Adam but will  foretaste  the paradisiacal  joys  even  in  this  life,  and  in  the  age  to  come we  will  also  live  in  bliss  eternally  with  those  who  have pleased God. 
The saints are a proof of this. They, while still on earth, were as if in Paradise, because they were always in a mystical communion with God. They never fell away  from  His Law  and  through  their  humility  and  obedience  stayed  firmly in the  grace  which  made  them  infinitely  happy. One of the most radiant saints - St.Seraphim of  Sarov,  who  died  in 1833,  had achieved  such  a  happiness  on  earth that  it was simply overflowing  the  banks  of  his  soul  and attracted all who came  to him in  faith. For example, the Saint of Sarov greeted every- one he met with the words:  "What brings you to poor Seraphim, my joy?" He was living in such a blissful  and  joyous  state that  he  always  felt  as  if  it  were  Pascha  (or  Easter). That is why, even during the winter, he often  said  to  people: "Christ is  risen,  my  joy!" St.Seraphim of  Sarov  also  lived  in  a marvelous  peace  with  all  animals.  A huge  bear  used  to come  to  him  from  the  woods  to  eat  dried  bread  from  his  hands. Does not  this  remind  us  of  Adam's  condition  in Paradise?    How much more  wondrous  is  this  because  it  happens  here,   on  earth: if  things  like  this  can  happen  even  here,  what  would  the condition  of  the  righteous  ones  be  in  heaven?
Suffering  in  its  nature  is  nothing  else  but  a withdrawal from God.  With God it would  be  well  even  in  hell. It is known that before the death and Resurrection of Jesus  Christ not  one  of  the  righteous  had  access  to  Paradise.  Consequently, the  righteous  ones  from  Old  Testament  who  had  died  in  faith  were  in  hell  where  they  awaited  their  salvation. Sorrow, however, did not touch  them,  because  they were  with  God.  In the Book  of  Solomon's  Wisdom  it  is  said: "But the souls of the righteous are in the hands of  God,  and sorrow  will  not  touch them. They seemed dead to the eyes of  the  foolish...  but  they abide  in  peace".  On  the  other  hand,  without  God  it  would  be terrible  even  in  Paradise. 
This is the secret  of  suffering  -  separation  and  withdrawal from  God.  If  a  man  is  with  God,   he  is  happy  and  he  says,   like the  Psalmist: "For  what  have  I  in  Heaven? And besides Thee, what have I desired upon earth?"  God  is  the  Source  of  joy,  and the  devil  -  the  source  of  suffering. That is why even the sorrows which  come to us  according  to  God's  will  in  this temporary  life  carry  in  themselves  joy  and  lead  to  heavenly glory  if  they  are  endured  with  faith  and  trust  in  God's  good providence. In contrast, the temporal sinful pleasures with which the devil tempts us carry poison in themselves, and their end is utter disappointment.  Whoever follows God  is happy  even  in  suffering,   as  the  holy  Apostle  Paul  speaks: "sorrowful,  yet  always  rejoicing”;  but  whoever  follows the devil is  unhappy  even  in  his  earthly  joys. How many wicked ones there are who seem to be prospering in this world. But take a peek into their hearts. You will see such suffering, such an emptiness.
It is true that the righteous, too, are not left without sorrows in life. The Saviour Himself has prophesied to His Apostles: "In the world ye shall have tribulation.” The holy Apostle Paul says directly: "All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution." But how different those sorrows, persecutions, and sufferings for Christ and in Christ are from the sorrows of the wicked! Their sorrows lead to hopelessness and despair, and the ones in Christ - to hope and joy. The sorrows of the faithless are storms, which ravage everything, but the tears of the faithful are a quiet, gracious rain which helps the beautiful flowers of virtue to grow and bloom in the soul.  This is one of the extraordinary things in our precious Christian faith: IT BRINGS JOY EVEN IN SUFFERING.  IT TRANSFORMS THE SORROWS INTO BLISS.
When Jesus Christ was leaving this earthly life, He bequeathed to His beloved disciples sorrows and tears as if they were a most precious gift: "Verily, verily, I say unto you, that ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice". He did this not to doom His beloved ones to inconsolable suffering, but to draw even more radiantly on that dark background of suffering a picture of the immeasu-rable bliss waiting for them. "Your sorrow shall  be  turned into  joy," He said to them, "your  joy  no  man  taketh  from  you." Only Christ can give such an eternal happiness, a happiness which cannot be taken away. In His sermon He pronounced blessed those whom this sinful world considers to be the most wretched: blessed are the poor in spirit, blessed are the weeping, blessed are the meek, the hungry and thirsty for righteousness, the persecuted for righteousness sake, etc. Òî all those the Saviour said: "Rejoice, and  be exceeding  glad.”        
How strange!  To rejoice when one is unhappy, poor, helpless, persecuted, insulted, despised, hated, slandered! Before Christ, the world did not know how to rejoice over such calamities, but now everything is reversed through the power of the God-Man. "All things work together for good to them that love God."  For a believer, sorrow has lost its poisonous sting. Quiet hope has taken the place of the bitter despair of suffering, and suffering is not unbearably heavy any more, because it gives birth to sweet fruit. Rejoice and be glad, because sorrows are a fiery furnace in which gold is purified. Suffering is the hammer in the hand of the sculptor, which makes the statue even more beautiful. Sufferings are those thorny and frightening paths which lead to sunny peaks and paradisiacal views. Rejoice and be glad! Jesus Christ Himself sanctified the road of suffering with His feet!  Rejoice and be glad! "For unto you it is given in the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer for his sake". The Word of God calls suffering a FAVOUR. It is the destination of the chosen ones of God. It is a medal of honor for the beloved of Christ.  
     
When the holy Apostles were imprisoned for preaching the teaching of Christ, when afterwards they were judged by the Sanhedrin, beaten, and threatened so that they would  stop speaking  in  the  name  of  Christ,  and  when  they  were  freed  at last,   they  went  out “REJOICING  that  they were  counted  worthy  to suffer shame for  his  name".  In this way, the first Christians considered suffering for Christ to be a great honor and rejoiced in it. In the same spirit, the holy Apostles advised the faithful followers of Christ (to value suffering).
For example, Apostle James writes: "Count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations." As St.Dimitri of Rostov teaches, the words  "divers temptations" are to be understood as "all kinds of sorrows, grieves, misfortunes, persecutions, embittering  diseases  and  adversities, impoverishment,  and  suffering  which  occur  either  by  God's  permission  or by  human  menace,  or  naturally, or  by  chance, or  by an action of  the  devil." In all such cases, the holy Apostles advised the Christians to rejoice and to lay their sorrow on God. What a deep and perfect understanding the first Christians had of suffering and its beneficial influence on the soul of the person who endures it patiently.

 

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