At the 3-d World Theatre Olympiad the Russian Academic Youth Theatre
presented Lorenzaccio by the 19th century French dramatist Alfred de Musset.
Lorenzaccio, the best-known and most significant of Musset's plays, is
often staged in Europe and extremely rarely in Russia. One reason is the
complexity of the plot. The author's free handling of time and space and
the multi-episode structure of the play made it extremely hard to stage
at an 19th century theatre.
Director Alexei Borodin and stage designer Stanislav Benediktov found
an original solution: the play is acted in the hall, while spectators are
seated in an amphitheatre on the stage. "The drama consists of a great
number of episodes and we needed space to deal with rapidly changing scenes",
Borodin explains. "Musset requires from the theatre and spectators
an entirely new approach. So we thought it would be a good idea for spectators
to change places with actors or rather with characters. Looking back at
the events of the 16th century, we see reflections of ourselves. It turns
out that time and space are relative notions. Musset's works are charged
with some peculiar energy and conveying it to the audience is both an interesting
and challenging task".
A critic who reviewed the first edition of Musset's plays wrote: "His
independence from dates, costumes and from any historical bondage is amazing.
Meanwhile, Lorenzaccio is based on true facts described in the Florentine
Annals - the murder of Alessandro Medici by his cousin Lorenzaccio, an
attempt to overthrow the tyranny and create a republic.
The sceneries designed by Stanislav Benediktov show 16th-century Florence
with its elegant open-gallery palazzos. "We sought to reveal the artistic
essence of this space", says Benediktov. "The amphitheatre on
the stage resembles the ancient Coliseum where Lorenzaccio first conceived
the idea of assassinating Alessandro. The romantic draperies on the chairs
create the atmosphere of an Italian carnival".
The music written in the style of modern baroque adds dynamism and
an element of grotesque.
"At the same time this is not avant-garde, but a classical Russian
psychological theatre with inexhaustible means of expressiveness",
says Stanislav Benediktov.
The Taganka Theatre premieres "The Theatrical Novel"
Moscow's Taganka Theatre premiered The Theatrical Novel based on the
novel of the same title by the early 20th century Russian writer Mikhail
Bulgakov. Taganka's artistic director Yuri Lubimov said that the premiere
had been timed to the theatre's 37th birthday. Bulgakov, who for several
years collaborated with the Moscow Art Theatre, knew theatrical life inside
out. Lubimov expands Bulgakov's prose, making an "x-ray photograph"
of behind-the-curtain life.
Says Taganka actress Anastasia Kolpikova: "This is a special theme
because it's has no limits. All about theatre. Even though the play's main
characters are associated with the Art Theatre's founders Sanislavsky and
Nemirovich-Danchenko, it's more than just about the Art Theatre, it's about
theatre in general and the Taganka theatre in particular..."
With the 83-year-old Lubimov sitting as usual at the director's stand
as if he were conducting an orchestra, and saying his remarks as the action
unfolds, the performance looks like an ordinary rehearsal.
Among the characters one recognizes the heroes of other of Bulgakov's
novels - The White Guard and Moliere - and a grotesque figure of the Soviet
ruler Jozeph Stalin on horseback, reflecting about an artist's destiny.
Actors read passages from books and letters by Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko.
Their monologues are interspersed with Lubimov's own maxims. The horse
is an important part of the sets along with the sea-gull, the Art Theatre's
emblem. Appearing on horseback, one after another, are the Roman emperor
Nero, the Russian emperor Alexander III, a Red Army commander brandishing
a sable, and a naked youth. Lubimov rejects the universal character of
the famous Stanislavsky theory and advocates his own school of acting,
based on improvisation. The play stars Valery Zolotukhin as the "toppled"
great reformer Stanislavsky.
"There is a good deal of irony in the words "great reformer",
says Valery Zolotukhin. "After working with Yuri Lubimov, another
"great reformer", I realized that with time all reforms become
dogmas and call for new reforms". .
EVENINGS WITH PETER THE GREAT: A
NEW BOOK BY DANIIL GRANIN
By V. Zherdeva
Daniil Granin, one of the patriarchs of Russian literature, has presented
his new book Evenings With Peter The Great. The presentation ceremony took
place in the Russian State Library.
Granin's
novels raising acute social problems - Confronting The Thunderstorm (1958)
about a scientist who defended his right for independent research, or The
Auroch (1987) about the tragic destiny of the Russian geneticist Timofeyev-Resovsky
- became classics of the Russian literature of the second half of the 20th
century. His new book focuses on the extraordinary personality of the reformist
tsar Peter I. "In my opinion, Peter I is the most enigmatic figure
in Russian history", says Daniil Granin. "His name is surrounded
with myths, stereotypes and fiction. In my book I portray Peter the way
I see him. My idea of him is quite different from the habitual one".
The great and severe monarch 2 meters tall, entertaining himself profusely
at the so-called assembly-balls, commanding the victorious navy, both the
tyrant, and reformer.... It's this portrait of Peter that got imprinted
on the minds of whole generations of Russians who read the novel Peter
I by Alexei Tolstoy or saw Vladimir Petrov's film Peter I.
Granin's Peter is a philosopher rather than tyrant. Granin shows him
not as an outstanding political leader, but as an ordinary man with his
problems and weaknesses.
"My novel is partially documentary, partially fiction", says
Granin. "The writer steps in where researcher steps out. The author's
fantasy is not only appropriate, but even necessary".
The novel raises burning problems about Russia's future: what kind
of ruler it needs in a crucial period in its history. To the author Peter
seems an ideal reformist ruler. Under Peter Russia turned from a state
"on the backyard of Europe" into a powerful empire. In Granin's
opinion, it's this kind of ruler that Russia needs today .
"WHEN I'M PLAYING THE
PIANO, I LOVE ALL PEOPLE" (Marking the centenary of the birth of the
outstanding Russian pianist Vladimir Sofronitsky)
By G. Avdeeva
On May 8 we marked the birth centenary of the outstanding Russian pianist
Valdimir Sofronitsky.
As a pianist, Sofronitsky is little known abroad. The only foreign
countries he visited with concerts, in 1928-30, were Poland
and France. This pianist is a unique phenomenon not to be compared with
any other performer in the world. His art had numerous connections with
early 20th-century Russian poetry, literature and painting, notably, Blok's
poems, Vreubel paintings, and Grin's books.
Outwardly Vladimir Sofronitsky's life was uneventful: it had no surprises
or events that would have changed radically his life. In 1920 he graduated
from the Leningrad Conservatoire in the class of Leonid Nikolaev, an outstanding
teacher and founder of a famous piano school. Though Sofronitsky inherited
his teacher's high performing culture and skills of a virtuoso, his style
makes it difficult to call him his teacher's follower. The pianist never
participated in music competitions. Nor did he ever held any administrative
or public post. Nor was he interested in writing about music. His entire
"literary heritage" is a few statements, such as commentary on
a cycle of historical concerts prepared by him in 1937-39 or his emotional
words about his performance in the Nazi-blockaded Leningrad in December
1941. Teaching did not become his passion either, though he taught all
his life. Very rarely he attended concerts of other performers and always
sat hidden from the public. Just and direct assessing other pianists' performance,
he was excellent at ranking musicians according to their stature, saying:
"Liszt is Europe, Anton Rubinstein - the entire world, Rakhmaninov
the Universe." One thing featured prominently in his life - concerts.
Sofronitsky had his audience, which gradually turned into a Sofronitsky
brotherhood and followed its idol wherever he went. Magic began to work
the moment he stepped onto the stage, tall and well-built. His appearance,
his free movements were so perfect that there was no avoiding the association
with ancient sculptures. He slowly approached the grand piano, made a quiet
bow, not looking into the hall, and seated himself at the piano. Then a
minute of apprehensive silence followed.
After his concerts no one could ever say "He's played like this
before". His interpretations were never repeated. He could play the
same piece twice, as was the case at a concert when he asked permission
of the public to repeat a Chopin piece, which failed to please him. His
second version was always different. Sofronitsky was an amazing master
of improvisation. He used to say that before the concert he knows how he
should play up to the last pause. And then added: "It's different
during the concert. Things may be absolutely different." And he played
always in a new and unexpected way.
Sofronitsky was drawn to dramatic aspects of life. This manifested
itself in a phrase he once uttered: "I live without a skin".
This attitude was also seen in the tragic expression of his face, which
made his performances very special. At times he reached the highest point
of expression, making people weep at his concerts. His performance of Beethoven,
Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Metner, and Prokofuev was remarkable for a share
of exaltation, a generous feeling and lyricism. Sofronitsky kept in his
memory and fingers hundreds of works and could announce several dozen concert
programs never repeating them. His repertoire was truly limitless. Particularly
talented were his interpretations of Chopin and Skryabin.
Skryabin was his favorite and spiritually closest composer. Not accidentally,
Sofronistky married the composer's daughter. His poetic and inspired interpretation
of Skryabin's music matched the composer's genius. Unfortunately, no recording
can convey the impact Sofronitsky's live performance had on his audiences.
Recordings were made secretly because the pianist hated the process. "It's
not music," he used to exclaim with indignation. "These are all
dead bodies!". The disparity between live performance and recordings
made Sofronitsky furious.
As any great musician, Sofronitsky was a complicated and contradictory
person. He believed in visitors from outer space and tried to understand
the mystery of the other world. He was naive as a child, adored jokes,
and could easily invent rhymes. He was well-informed of everything that
happened in the world though during the last years of his life he almost
did not leave home and drew on radio and newspapers for information. He
was critical of himself but read every review about his performance and
loved praise. Though he had enormous concert experience, he practically
did not play with orchestras. He had only his love for music, to which
he devoted his whole life. Only music, he believed, could elevate the soul.
"I'm the best when I'm playing," he used to say. "Because
when I'm playing, I love all people."